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Cyprus has carved out a strong reputation among internationally mobile individuals – not just for its climate and lifestyle, but also for its simple and tax-efficient personal tax regime.
With moderate income tax rates, a generous non-domicile regime, and no wealth or inheritance taxes, the island remains an attractive base for entrepreneurs, professionals, and retirees alike.
Cyprus taxes individuals on their worldwide income once they become tax resident.
The standard rule is based on 183 days of physical presence in a calendar year.
However, there is also a 60-day tax residency rule for those who don’t have tax residency elsewhere, provided certain conditions are met (e.g., owning or renting a home in Cyprus and having business or employment ties here).
The Cyprus income tax system is progressive:
This structure delivers relatively low effective tax rates, especially when compared with Western Europe.
The tax-free threshold is one of the highest in the EU and is due to increase to €20,500 as part of upcoming reforms.
There are also specific incentives for newcomers, including:
These measures are designed to make Cyprus appealing to internationally mobile professionals and business owners considering relocation.
Perhaps the most powerful personal tax advantage available in Cyprus is the non-domicile regime.
A person who becomes a Cyprus tax resident, but is not domiciled in Cyprus, is exempt from tax on dividends and interest income– both from Cyprus and abroad.
This regime lasts for up to 17 years and also applies to most types of foreign capital gains (e.g., share sales), although gains on Cyprus real estate remain taxable.
Crucially, this means a non-domiciled tax resident of Cyprus can potentially live tax-free on investment income while remaining within the EU, and under a tax regime that is fully compliant with international standards.
For those looking to base themselves in a stable, English-speaking EU country, Cyprus offers a very appealing personal tax profile.
From income tax incentives to the non-domicile regime and a complete absence of wealth and inheritance taxes, the structure is simple, credible, and tax-efficient.
If you have any queries regarding this article on Personal Tax in Cyprus, or any other Cypriot tax matters, then please get in touch.
Lakshmi Mittal, one of the world’s most prominent industrialists and among the wealthiest residents of the UK, is reportedly considering leaving the country.
The reason?
Changes to the UK’s non-domicile (non-dom) tax rules.
This news has stirred debate about whether tax policy should prioritise fairness or global competitiveness — and whether the UK is risking an exodus of its wealthiest residents.
Mittal is the executive chairman of ArcelorMittal, the world’s largest steel company.
He has lived in the UK for many years and is famously known for purchasing the lavish Kensington Palace Gardens residence, dubbed the “Taj Mittal.”
His presence in the UK has often been seen as a symbol of London’s status as a hub for international high-net-worth individuals.
The UK has long offered favourable tax treatment to individuals who are resident but not domiciled in the UK.
Under this regime, many such individuals can elect to be taxed on the “remittance basis,” meaning foreign income and gains are only taxed if brought into the UK.
However, recent government reforms aim to abolish the remittance basis of tax system.
From 2025, long-term residents will face tighter rules, with the remittance basis being removed as a means of taxation.
The remittance basis will be replaced by a foreign income and gains exemption (“FIG”) that provides an exemption to certain people arriving in the UK for a maximum of 4 years.
Mittal, like many non-doms, has complex international affairs and substantial income from assets held outside the UK.
If his tax burden increases significantly, relocating to a more favourable jurisdiction becomes a viable option.
Dubai, Monaco, and Switzerland are often cited as alternative homes for mobile billionaires.
His departure would be both financially and symbolically significant.
It raises the question of how many other wealthy residents might follow.
Proponents of reform argue that all UK residents should contribute fairly to public finances, especially during a cost-of-living crisis.
Critics warn that targeting non-doms could reduce inward investment and encourage capital flight.
The UK’s challenge is to balance modernising its tax rules… without undermining its attractiveness to global wealth.
This balancing act is not unique to Britain, but it’s one that may shape its economic future.
Mittal’s possible exit underscores the sensitive balance between tax fairness and international competitiveness.
Whether this is the beginning of a broader trend or a high-profile exception remains to be seen — but policymakers and advisers will be watching closely.
If you have any queries about this article on non-dom tax status, or tax matters in the United Kingdom then please get in touch.
Alternatively, if you are a tax adviser in the United Kingdom and would be interested in sharing your knowledge and becoming a tax native, then there is more information on membership here.
Labour’s proposed tax reforms are creating waves among high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) in the UK.
Reports indicate that a growing number of millionaires are leaving the country in response to planned changes targeting non-domiciled individuals and introducing higher taxes on the wealthy.
This article explores the details of these tax proposals, why they’re causing concern among HNWIs, and the potential impact on the UK’s economy and tax revenues.
Labour’s tax agenda includes significant changes aimed at ensuring greater fairness in the tax system. Key measures include:
The party estimates these measures could raise billions of pounds to fund public services, but critics argue they may have unintended consequences.
The exodus of HNWIs could have significant repercussions:
Countries like France have experienced similar challenges after implementing wealth taxes, leading to significant outflows of wealthy residents.
Meanwhile, jurisdictions like Portugal and the UAE are attracting global talent and investment through tax incentives and residency programs.
Labour’s tax reforms, we are told, are aimed at creating a fairer system but it seems that they risk driving away HNWIs and the economic contributions they bring.
Striking a balance between equity and competitiveness will be crucial to ensuring the UK remains an attractive destination for talent and investment.
If you have any queries about this article on Labour’s tax plans, or tax matters in the UK, then please get in touch.
Alternatively, if you are a tax adviser in the UK and would be interested in sharing your knowledge and becoming a tax native, then there is more information on membership here.
Mexico has announced plans to introduce a new immigration tax on cruise ship passengers starting in 2025.
The tax, set at $42 per passenger, aims to boost government revenues while addressing the environmental and infrastructural impact of the growing cruise tourism industry.
While the move has been welcomed by some as a step toward sustainability, it has also sparked concerns about its potential impact on the tourism sector.
The $42 immigration tax will be levied on all international cruise passengers arriving in Mexico.
It is intended to cover the costs associated with immigration services and infrastructure maintenance in popular cruise destinations such as Cozumel and Cancun.
The government expects the tax to generate significant revenue, which will be reinvested in:
The cruise industry has expressed mixed reactions to the new tax.
Some operators fear that the additional cost may discourage travellers from choosing Mexico as a destination, potentially affecting local economies dependent on tourism.
Others have acknowledged the need for sustainable tourism practices and welcomed the government’s commitment to reinvesting the revenue.
The tax highlights the growing trend of using fiscal measures to promote sustainable tourism. Key considerations include:
Mexico’s decision to impose a tax on cruise ship passengers reflects a shift toward more sustainable tourism practices.
However, careful implementation and transparent use of the funds will be essential to balancing economic growth with environmental preservation.
If you have any queries about this article on Mexico’s cruise ship passenger tax, or tax matters in Mexico, then please get in touch.
Alternatively, if you are a tax adviser in Mexico and would be interested in sharing your knowledge and becoming a tax native, then there is more information on membership here.
The Beckham Law, officially known as Spain’s “Special Regime for Posted Workers,” has been gaining attention for its significant tax benefits to expatriates moving to Spain for work.
Designed to attract high-skilled professionals, remote workers, and investors, this regime offers eligible individuals the opportunity to pay a flat income tax rate of 24% instead of the progressive rates of up to 47% typically applied in Spain.
With recent updates introduced by the Spanish government, the Beckham Law has become even more accessible, making Spain an attractive destination for global talent.
Originally introduced to encourage foreign footballers to play in Spain (hence the nickname), the Beckham Law allows expatriates to maintain non-resident tax status for six years while residing in Spain. This means:
In 2024, the Spanish government implemented several changes to broaden the scope of the regime:
Previously, applicants had to prove they hadn’t been a tax resident in Spain for 10 years. This has now been reduced to 5 years, making it easier for professionals to qualify
The Beckham Law now covers:
Spouses and dependent children under 25 (or disabled family members) can benefit from the regime, provided they relocate during the taxpayer’s first year in Spain. However, this extension is limited if the family’s total savings income exceeds the taxpayer’s taxable base.
Employment income received in kind (e.g., housing or other non-cash benefits) is now tax-exempt under the regime, aligning with the treatment of Spanish residents.
To qualify for the Beckham Law, applicants must meet the following conditions:
Excluded groups include freelancers without special visas, athletes, and directors of passive holding companies.
Applying for the Beckham Law involves submitting documentation to Spain’s Tax Agency within six months of registering with Spanish Social Security. Required documents include:
While the Beckham Law offers substantial tax advantages, it comes with certain limitations. For example:
The Beckham Law remains a cornerstone of Spain’s efforts to attract international talent, particularly in the post-pandemic era, where remote work and global mobility have become more common.
Recent updates make it easier for expatriates, digital nomads, and entrepreneurs to benefit from Spain’s vibrant culture, high quality of life, and favorable tax regime.
However, potential applicants should carefully assess the implications of Spain’s Solidarity Tax and consult professionals to ensure full compliance and maximum benefit.
If you have any queries about this article on the Beckham Law or tax matters in Spain, please get in touch.
Alternatively, if you are a tax adviser in Spain and would be interested in sharing your knowledge and becoming a tax native, then please get in touch. There is more information on membership here.
On August 7, Italy’s government announced a significant update to its “flat tax” regime, doubling the annual tax cap to €200,000 ($218,220) for income earned abroad by wealthy individuals who relocate their tax residency to Italy.
This measure, originally introduced by a centre-left government in 2017, aims to attract affluent individuals to bolster Italy’s economy.
The scheme, which has already led to 1,186 relocations according to Economy Minister Giancarlo Giorgetti, comes under increased scrutiny following the UK’s decision to abolish its long-standing “non-domiciled” tax regime by April 2025.
Giorgetti highlighted Italy’s opposition to the global trend of countries competing to offer favourable tax conditions to the wealthy, stating:
“We’re against turning our nation into a tax haven for individuals or companies. With Italy’s limited fiscal capabilities, we cannot win such a competition.”
Italy’s revised tax regime could become an attractive option for high-net-worth British residents seeking to maintain lower taxation on offshore income.
While this move could provide a modest boost to Italy’s public finances, particularly as Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni prepares the 2025 budget, it will only apply to new entrants into the scheme, safeguarding those who have already transferred their tax residency to Italy.
The flat tax has previously benefited high-profile individuals like Portuguese football star Cristiano Ronaldo during his tenure at Juventus from 2018 to 2021.
Italy’s audit court estimates that the scheme generated €254 million in tax revenue between 2018 and 2022.
However, the European Union has criticised such regimes, calling them unfair and harmful to state finances.
The EU’s Tax Observatory, in its Global Tax Evasion Report, specifically pointed out that the high-net-worth individual regimes in Italy and Greece offer large exemptions to extremely wealthy individuals, which it views as particularly damaging.
For more information on Italy’s flat tax regime, please see our earlier article.
If you have any queries, then please get in touch.
Puerto Rico offers attractive tax incentives to lure high-net-worth individuals and businesses to the island, fostering local economic growth.
The Puerto Rico Incentives Code of 2019, known as Act 60, provides significant tax advantages for those who qualify as bona fide residents and meet certain economic contribution requirements.
Act 60 consolidates and updates previous tax incentives, including Act 20 and Act 22, targeting a variety of sectors such as individual investors, businesses, manufacturers, international financial entities, and private equity funds.
Act 20 provides tax incentives for companies based in Puerto Rico that export services to other regions.
Benefits include a fixed income tax rate of 4% on eligible export services and a complete tax exemption on dividends from earnings and profits.
Eligible businesses must maintain a bona fide office in Puerto Rico and render services to clients outside the island.
Act 22 offers a 100% tax exemption on dividends, interest, and capital gains for new Puerto Rico residents.
To qualify, individuals must be bona fide residents, meeting criteria such as spending the majority of the year in Puerto Rico, having no tax home outside Puerto Rico, and showing stronger connections to Puerto Rico than any other location.
Additional requirements include an annual $10,000 donation to local nonprofits and purchasing residential property within two years of establishing residency.
Due to the generous nature of these tax breaks, the IRS has increased its enforcement efforts to prevent abuse of Act 60 incentives.
In 2021, the IRS launched a compliance campaign targeting potentially fraudulent claims, focusing on whether individuals and businesses genuinely meet the residency and income sourcing requirements.
Puerto Rico’s tax incentives offer substantial benefits, but they come with strict compliance requirements.
Properly navigating these can avoid IRS scrutiny and potential penalties.
For those considering a move to Puerto Rico, consulting with experienced tax attorneys is crucial to optimize benefits and ensure compliance.
If you have any queries on Puerto Rico and its tax incentives then please get in touch.
The UK has long been a premier destination for internationally mobile individuals due to its stability, legal system, educational opportunities, and cosmopolitan lifestyle.
However, recent policy changes have reshaped the immigration landscape, necessitating careful planning for those considering relocating to the UK.
In February 2022, the UK closed the Tier 1 (Investor) route, significantly impacting high-net-worth migration.
The focus has shifted towards visa categories that require active engagement with UK businesses and often need endorsement from third-party organizations.
On 6 March 2024, the UK Chancellor introduced major tax regime changes affecting UK-resident, non-UK domiciled individuals.
These changes will influence decisions for those already in the UK or considering a move, highlighting the importance of integrated tax and immigration planning to achieve long-term residency or citizenship goals.
Both routes offer accelerated paths to indefinite leave to remain (ILR) after three years, unlike the standard five-year requirement.
Visas are also available for those with a family connection to the UK, including partners of British citizens or permanent residents and individuals with UK ancestry.
This newly launched program allows significant investment in approved Hong Kong assets, leading to residency and potential permanent status after seven years.
Programs in countries like Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, and St. Kitts and Nevis offer fast-track citizenship through investment, with benefits including visa-free travel to over 145 countries.
For clients considering international relocation, it’s crucial to navigate the complex interplay of immigration laws, tax implications, and family considerations.
With expert guidance from specialized immigration and tax advisors, clients can make informed decisions about their relocation strategies, ensuring compliance and optimizing their relocation outcomes.
If you have any queries about this article on High Net Worth Immigration Options then please get in touch.
Brazil’s recent legislative update, Law No. 14.754/23, marks a significant change in the taxation of offshore assets held by individuals, including investments through offshore companies and trusts.
This law introduces the “come-cotas” regime, a mechanism for the advance payment of income tax on certain Brazilian investment funds, and extends the Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules to individuals.
The law mandates that individuals must include income from offshore entities in their tax returns as of December 31st each year, applying the CFC rules.
This means income is taxed even if not distributed as dividends, aligning with international tax practices.
Automatic taxation on December 31st applies under three conditions:
Profits are converted from USD to BRL and taxed at a 15% rate.
Specific rules allow for partial tax credits for foreign taxes paid and for offsetting losses incurred from 2024 onwards.
For entities not falling under the automatic taxation criteria, taxation occurs only when profits are distributed to Brazilian shareholders, with the tax rate applicable at the time of distribution.
Taxpayers have the option to opt-in to automatic taxation.
Profits earned before the enactment of Law 14.754/23 are not subject to automatic taxation due to constitutional restrictions against retroactive tax laws.
However, the law offers an option to voluntarily pay tax on these profits at a reduced rate of 8%, excluding exchange rate variations.
The enactment of Law No. 14.754/23 presents several challenges and opportunities:
The law’s approach to taxing unrealized gains raises concerns about the taxation of volatile assets, such as cryptocurrencies and hedge funds. This aspect may prompt judicial review in Brazil, particularly regarding the principle of income realization.
For profits earned until 2023, the option to tax these at a reduced rate before actual distribution can be financially beneficial, especially considering the historical strength of the Brazilian Real against other currencies.
Unlike corporate entities, individuals cannot offset losses from one company against gains from another within the same calendar year under this new law. This limitation could conflict with the principle of income universality and may also be subject to legal scrutiny.
Law No. 14.754/23 significantly reforms the taxation landscape for Brazilian individuals with offshore investments.
By aligning domestic policy with international standards through the implementation of CFC rules for individuals, Brazil aims to enhance tax compliance and increase transparency.
However, the introduction of these new rules is likely to be tested in courts, particularly concerning their compatibility with constitutional principles and the practicalities of taxing virtual income.
If you have any queries about this article on Brazil’s Taxation of Offshore Assets, or tax matters in Brazil more generally, then please get in touch.
The Portugal Golden Residence Permit Program, often referred to as the Portugal Golden Visa Program, offers a compelling five-year residence by investment opportunity for non-EU nationals.
This program allows investors to live, work, and study in Portugal while enjoying visa-free access to the Schengen Area.
With a minimal physical presence requirement averaging just seven days per year, this program not only facilitates ease of living but also paves the way for citizenship eligibility after five years.
The Portuguese Golden Visa is laden with benefits:
Investors can secure their Portuguese Golden Visa through several investment options:
The application process includes:
The first permit is issued for two years due to adjustments made during the Covid-19 pandemic, with subsequent renewals every two years.
The entire process to secure a residence permit through investment typically extends beyond 18 months due to administrative procedures.
The Portugal Golden Residence Permit Program stands out as a highly attractive option for investors seeking not only a European residence but also a straightforward route to citizenship.
With flexible investment options and a lenient residency requirement, the program offers a practical solution for global investors aiming to enjoy the lifestyle and benefits Portugal has to offer.
If you have any queries about Portugal’s Golden Visa, or tax or other matters in Portugal, then please get in touch.